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https://www.mylespaul.com/threads/does-the-back-grain-pattern-have-any-affect-on-resonance-sustain-sound-quality-etc.446483/
but i wouldn't write it off, just relegate it to insignificant. the stiffness of the materials will have an impact, that bit is true. Wavey grained wood is less stiff than straight grained wood, that is true. What you cant say is true is that one wavey grainy piece of wood will be less stiff than another straight grained piece of wood... because you cant say all wavey pieces have the same stiffness or all straight pieces have the same stiffness. take it down to 3mm, and it becomes very significant (acoustics)
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It also makes me wonder if the same principle applies to other parts of the guitar - like how tightly a Tele bridge is screwed to the body.
Strats and Teles are, from an engineering perspective, super simple designs. Yet, take 10 Strats, even the same model, and compare them side by side, and they all sound different. Complex interactions between the parts.
BTW, I'm not saying tone wood does not matter - it's one part of a complex system. Warmoth has a video comparing the same type of body, with the exact same dimensions, with the same neck, but different body woods. Clearly audible differences, though not as large as I would have assumed.
if everything fits perfectly in the first place it shouldn't make a blind bit of difference, but it often does.
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Man, I was only kidding too
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The scientific approach would be to try it out - it's easily reversible - and then find a valid, physics based explanation for what you observe.
I can perfectly relate to what you're saying - when I first heard luthiers talking about loosening the neck screws a little bit, my initial reaction was 'really???'.
"Take these three items, some WD-40, a vise grip, and a roll of duct tape. Any man worth his salt can fix almost any problem with this stuff alone." - Walt Kowalski
"Only two things are infinite - the universe, and human stupidity. And I'm not sure about the universe." - Albert Einstein
My approach:
If a guitar sounds fantastic and plays great, don't mess with it. If there's room for improvement, start with the smallest, reversible adjustments, like pickup height, potentiometer and capacitor values, etc.
The other extreme - radical changes like removing the finish, reshaping the body, re-frets, etc. can be fun and rewarding on cheap project guitars and partscasters.
Like observing the sky, followed by a hypothesis that the earth revolves around the sun, followed by finding means to verify the hypothesis with reproducible tests and measurements.
Regarding guitar set up, the 'trying out to see what happens' part is pragmatic, not scientific. The science part is to measure and explain what was observed.
Science is taking a theory and finding a way to test it without being hindered by completely unreliable human perception or anything else that would get in the way of the truth.
Your suggestion was to try it out, see what you perceive then try to come up with a theory that fits with the perception. It really is the opposite of the scientific method.
An example of how science could be applied to the thing in question would be to make several recordings of the guitar with the screws tightened then make several more after loosening the screws. Whoever is playing it would try to play as similarly on all the recordings but it will vary each time, that's why there would be several of each.
Then a number of people would listen to pairs of recordings, one of each set, without knowing which was which (the most important part really) and choose which was better. As long as there were enough recordings made and enough people doing the test, if either of the sets were preferred a significant number of times then it's evidence that it really does make a difference to the sound. Note; each participant wouldn't have to choose the same setup as each other, they'd just have to pick the same one for most of the sets they rate.
BTW I'm only giving this as an example of a scientific test - I'm with @TINMAN82 in hoping I never get to the point of bothering with this kind of thing.
You talk about scientific method, then follow up immediately by a fundamentally flawed test - recording a human playing guitar.
To see how the test is flawed: have your test person play the same piece of music 'similarly' twice and record it, reverse the phase of one of the recordings, and do a null test. If the results do not null, the test does not work.
Then you talk about people listening and choosing - exactly the 'human perception' methodology that you dismissed 2 sentences earlier.
Meaningful methodology would mean that you make measurements of different screw torque values, then make acoustic measurements in a controlled environment - not introducing uncontrollable variables like humans playing. Measuring frequency content, sustain, etc., rather than confirmation biassed humans listening.
Regardless of scientific methodology: if you're not interested in trying things like turning a neck screw a quarter turn, changing pick up height, trying out different string materials (nickel vs. nickel plated steel etc), why start arguing about it?
Regarding what you've said there - either you know you don't really have knowledge of the scientific method and are just trying to come up with things to "win an argument" or you genuinely think those things for whatever reason; either way there's nothing left for me to say after my last post.